{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# R Graphics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "options.orig <- options(repr.plot.width=4, repr.plot.height=4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Base Graphics\n",
    "\n",
    "This is the graphics you get ont of the box, without loading any packages. It is not the prettiest, but great for quick plotting."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Scatter plot"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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nzM/WFg2jywRO9WYWcqcO5k/+Xbrlub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",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Rotate labels"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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6U97nvx6YLs92U3CjSFd7JOiKlGN1kA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\nPAKDR2DwCAwegcEjMHj/DyBe3TXBo0vbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10, las=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Marker symbols"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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wLc+El5c8XRAz/ey/8a6cWM40bXCjtL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\nxNy36JRmTwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10, pch=1:10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Marker size"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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BkKI7DdnmhpcUikEgc46bun94lH3h2/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\n6QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10, pch=1:10, cex=1:10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Marker colors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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wes7I4Dg/DQdDRKQZAdLnebDnQDBtv+QKRNlS5xxMTEBAYGZmdnF1Zu7ty59pyV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\noBhoIiJBMdBERIL6/4PWUiQ66gJXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10, pch=1:10, cex=1:10, col=1:10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Adding text labels"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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wCEG/ZDU2BHdI6oH9GvRKc1SGcVPz+/1157bd26dUePHv3zzz8tLCwmTpy4aNGi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",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plot(1:10, 1:10, pch=1:10, col=1:10, xlim=c(0, 11))\n",
    "text(1:10+1, 1:10, 1:10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Line plot"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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gmvX2fblJoqnDs3qdmZ6prPMiDLfEP5/7S0gpoNUVXJ2Lv0SebgUaMEIAOy7+3v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\nWwcgtThpXAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
      "text/plain": [
       "Plot with title “Plot”"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n <- 20\n",
    "x <- 1:n\n",
    "y <- x + rnorm(n)\n",
    "\n",
    "plot(x, y, type=\"l\", lty=1, lwd=2, col=\"red\",\n",
    "     main=\"Plot\", xlab=\"Foo\", ylab=\"Bar\")\n",
    "points(x, y, col=\"blue\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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0jM/v678FLOXxzps3w5evRAt27IzcXp03B1xcyZGD9e6IREJb2+oMu5eGzYsGHD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\nIiKR+j9DRMFfE7Yt/gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "m <- lm(y ~ x)\n",
    "plot(x, y, col=\"blue\")\n",
    "abline(m, col=\"red\", lty=\"dashed\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Histogram"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "Plot with title “Histogram of y”"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Barplot"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeAAAAHgCAMAAABKCk6nAAACdlBMVEUAAAABAQECAgIDAwME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",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "barplot(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "g <- sample(1:3, n, replace=T)\n",
    "z <- rnorm(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeAAAAHgCAMAAABKCk6nAAACrFBMVEUAAAABAQECAgIDAwME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\nWByBxRFYHIHFEVgcgcURWNz/AfeiTVsf518wAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "boxplot(z ~ g)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### QQ plots"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x <- rnorm(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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SZCbdnR47i5ouIoSUUT/A3/n/PcDrSa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\nAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "Plot with title “Normal Q-Q Plot”"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "qqnorm(x)\n",
    "qqline(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y <- rgamma(100, shape=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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ELSknI5wC+GqjZg3ijh9qgSPAnG4X3zfliCL/tAy364EBY8U5jPLVnPPAhWMLP8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\nAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
      "text/plain": [
       "Plot with title “Normal Q-Q Plot”"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "qqnorm(y)\n",
    "qqline(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Multiple plots\n",
    "\n",
    "We can set up multiple plots with\n",
    "\n",
    "`par(mfrow=c(#rows, #cols))`\n",
    "\n",
    "where plots will be placed by row first\n",
    "\n",
    "or \n",
    "\n",
    "`par(mfcol=c(#rows, #cols))`\n",
    "\n",
    "where plots will be placed by colum first."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "options.orig <- options(repr.plot.width=6, repr.plot.height=6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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SsFVGiRv+vH6sWIMwMCsuOmLISyaOpU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      "text/plain": [
       "plot without title"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "par(mfrow=c(2,2))\n",
    "plot(x, y)\n",
    "plot(x, y, type=\"l\")\n",
    "barplot(x)\n",
    "barplot(y)\n",
    "par(mfrow=c(1,1)) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Saving plots\n",
    "\n",
    "Saving a plot involves \n",
    "\n",
    "- opening a graphcis file device using `png` (or `pdf`)\n",
    "- issuing plot commands\n",
    "- then closing the device with `dev.off()`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<strong>png:</strong> 2"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\textbf{png:} 2"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "**png:** 2"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "png \n",
       "  2 "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "png('figs/lm.png')\n",
    "m <- lm(y ~ x)\n",
    "plot(x, y, col=\"blue\")\n",
    "abline(m, col=\"red\", lty=\"dashed\")\n",
    "dev.off()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Retreive the PNG file\n",
    "\n",
    "![Image](figs/lm.png)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "R",
   "language": "R",
   "name": "ir"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": "r",
   "file_extension": ".r",
   "mimetype": "text/x-r-source",
   "name": "R",
   "pygments_lexer": "r",
   "version": "3.6.0"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}